As the world pays more attention to wild nature reserves, wireless video surveillance systems of various sizes have begun to be widely used in various forest reserves. With the increasing development of the Internet and broadband network technology, traditional content services based on text and pictures can no longer meet the needs of users. Multimedia content services based on video and audio are about to become the mainstream. This is an inevitable trend in the development of Internet technology. At the same time, the introduction of various efficient compression and decompression algorithms makes it possible to transmit multimedia information on the network.

The use of telecommunications broadband networks has become an indispensable part of our lives and work. Real-time transmission on mobile broadband networks, namely streaming media technology, will be a hot spot for new technology development and application now and in the next five years. The new generation of wireless security monitoring systems based on 4G/5G network technology has made wireless transmission of video and audio on mobile broadband networks a trend. The solution that integrates video, audio, and data for network transmission has the characteristics of simple structure, complete functions, network management, high reliability, high integration, etc., and most importantly, it is not restricted by geographical terrain and traditional Internet laying.

1.1Industry Overview

As the world attaches great importance to the forest environment, my country’s wild forest nature reserves have also accelerated the construction of informatization. At present, many regions have established forest fire prevention and nature reserve comprehensive information network systems. Among them, remote image monitoring is one of the key needs of these departments’ informatization construction. How to use the established comprehensive information network system and integrate 3G/4G wireless monitoring services into it can not only reduce the investment in establishing a dedicated monitoring network system, but also meet the needs of various business functional departments for monitoring information sharing.

With the construction of the information system of nature reserves, the internal management has transitioned from the past extensive management to information management, and the centralized management of various animal and plant resources in the reserve has been gradually strengthened. The national nature reserve has the largest and most intact original mountain moss evergreen broad-leaved forest in my country, with functions such as forest conservation and water conservation. The type of the reserve is a forest ecological resource protection zone. In recent years, although good results have been achieved in forest fire prevention and forest resource protection through comprehensive management, the problem of forest fire prevention has always plagued the forestry department, and the momentum of frequent forest fires has not been fundamentally curbed. With the continuous development of afforestation, the forest area and forest stock volume have increased year by year, and forest fire prevention has become a top priority. Forest fire is one of the important forest disasters in the world. A certain number of forest fires occur every year, causing significant losses of forest resources and global environmental pollution. The characteristics of forest fires are suddenness, randomness of disasters, and huge losses in a short period of time. Although forest fires cannot be completely avoided, their degree of harm can be completely controlled through prevention and timely fire-fighting measures. Therefore, once a fire occurs, fire-fighting measures must be taken at an extremely fast speed. Whether fire fighting is timely and decision making is appropriate depends on whether forest fire behavior is discovered in time, whether analysis is accurate and reasonable, and whether decision making measures are appropriate. In order to prevent, reduce and control forest fires, standardize, scientificize and informatize forest fire prevention work as soon as possible, implement the principle of “prevention first, active fire fighting”, and truly achieve early detection and early resolution of forest fire comprehensive capacity demonstration projects, the construction of forest fire scene video monitoring system is particularly important.

1.2 System composition

The 4G/5G wireless video surveillance system consists of three parts: the front-end image acquisition system (including the power supply system), the wireless transmission system, and the back-end monitoring management and command system. It is a complete set of security integrated management “remote protection area wireless monitoring system” solutions designed specifically for the geographical characteristics of wildlife nature reserves, and can be combined with the local geographical environment. The system meets the needs of central network local monitoring and multi-level networked video monitoring, and can monitor the safety of the protected area in real time 24 hours a day, without being restricted by geographical location and distance, reducing the labor intensity of security monitoring personnel, and providing a strong guarantee for the command of the monitoring center, so that the dispatchers of monitoring centers at all levels can intuitively, accurately and timely understand the actual situation of each area by monitoring the on-site images transmitted from the remote end.

1.3 Industry characteristics and equipment selection

The remote video monitoring system for forest fires has put forward many requirements with strong industry characteristics, which cannot be met by ordinary video monitoring systems. Therefore, the fire intelligent monitoring system needs to have the following characteristics:

All-weather long-distance work: Fire information collection points must work all-weather, which requires the use of infrared-sensitive color-to-black-and-white cameras. The lens should be a day and night telephoto lens that can clearly see small-area fires from a long distance and has a fog-penetrating function; the pan/tilt requires an outdoor integrated heavy-duty pan/tilt with a screw drive. In order to reduce the jitter of long-distance images, the installation of the camera must also be guaranteed to be firm and stable. The front-end equipment adopts sealed isolation protection measures to seal all important electronic core components of the system in a protective cover designed with a carbon fiber structure to ensure that the equipment in the protective cover will not fog or condense. At the same time, the window glass of the protective cover is made of white tempered glass and is equipped with a heat sink to prevent fogging and condensation on the window surface, and to prevent blurring or deformation of the monitoring image.

Remote monitoring of the working status of front-end equipment: Since the entire fire information collection front-end equipment is located in mountainous areas, maintenance is extremely inconvenient. If the center can grasp the working status of the front-end equipment at any time, it will play an important role in guiding and analyzing maintenance. On the one hand, it reduces the intensity and cost of the maintenance work of the entire system, and on the other hand, it also protects the interests of users.

Intelligent forest fire analysis and early warning: It is difficult to rely solely on on-duty personnel to detect early fires through monitors. With the development of intelligent video analysis technology, the intelligent identification of early forest fires by fireworks is gradually being applied. The system needs to be able to automatically detect fires, promptly alarm, link alarm recordings, and remind on-duty personnel to check the display screen to achieve early detection, early notification, and early fire extinguishing.

Construction of monitoring room: Build a large screen in the monitoring room to facilitate real-time monitoring of on-site surveillance images, remote monitoring of forest areas, and unmanned operations.

According to the needs of video surveillance business, networked distributed video access, centralized control management, distributed sharing strategy, wireless communication and other methods are adopted to realize the video surveillance function of coal mine areas.

Network distributed alarm signal and video access refers to the use of dedicated 3G/4G video access equipment.

The controlled video is transmitted to a network base station.

Centralized control and management refers to the control and adjustment of video through dedicated video servers and digital broadcast receivers.

Surveillance video access services, alarm information processing, etc.

Distributed sharing refers to the transmission of surveillance video over the network to meet the sharing needs of multiple business functional departments and users.

1.3.1 Industry standards and specifications

The design of this security system fully complies with the relevant laws and regulations of the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China, including:

Safety engineering regulations and requirements GA/T75-94;

General graphic symbols for security systems GA/T74-94;

Method for preparing safety engineering cost estimates GA/70-94;

Electronic equipment installation project cost quota HYD41-01-1999;

GA/T38-92: Hazard level and protection level regulations;

Civil building CCTV system engineering technical specification GB50198-94;

General technical requirements for burglar alarm controllers GB12663-90;

Civil building electrical design specification JGJ/T16-92;

China electrical installation engineering construction and acceptance specification GBJ232-82;

CECS72.95, Engineering design specifications for integrated wiring systems for buildings and building complexes;

System grounding form and safety technical requirements GB14050-93;

1.3.2 User actual needs and analysis

According to the actual requirements of the site, it is necessary to control the key parts of the nature reserve. Due to environmental factors, it is not suitable for wired layout, and it is necessary to transmit video signals and other signals. In order to achieve the purpose of monitoring, we use 3G/4G wireless transmission, which can not only complete the realization of on-site functions, but also encrypt the transmission process, thereby meeting certain confidentiality requirements.

1.3.3 Principles of Practicality and Reliability

In this remote monitoring system project, we first consider practicality and reliability, follow the principles of application orientation and effectiveness, and ensure that the technologies and equipment used are mature and reliable.

During the system design and implementation process, the reliability of the system must be fully considered. In the overall design, key components must have sufficient backup measures, and advanced and reliable fault-tolerant technology must be used for important network parts. In this project, the equipment we designed and used, whether it is an integrated purchased product or a self-developed and designed product, has undergone rigorous selection and testing. All purchased products are well-known domestic and foreign brands, with a good reputation for product quality and after-sales service. All self-developed, designed, and produced products and software have been actually tested and used, and have undergone rigorous device screening and aging experiments, fully ensuring the reliability of the equipment and system。

1.3.4 Principles of advancement, maturity and scalability

On the basis of meeting the principle of practicality and combining the actual situation on site, we select advanced equipment, optimized structure, comprehensive wiring method and multimedia control technology, and strive to position the technical level of the system at a higher level to meet the needs of the development of modern production management in the new century.

The system construction adapts to the development of the industry and fully considers the characteristics of wild nature reserves. It has certain advancements in overall design, equipment configuration, communication methods, management methods, maintenance methods, etc. It adopts international standards and has mature technology.

The system has good scalability, which fully ensures that new equipment and new functions added in the future can be simply and conveniently integrated with the original system.

1.3.5 Principles of openness and standardization

The communication protocols and system equipment used in the system comply with international standards, national standards, industry standards, various standards and relevant industry standards, making full use of the advantages of 4G/5G networks and combining them organically to create favorable conditions for information exchange and equipment interconnection.

System structure design CECS: 72/97 “National Building and Building Complex Integrated Cabling System Design Specifications”. The selection, construction and installation of network system hardware equipment comply with relevant international or national standards.

Based on long-term planning considerations, in accordance with the requirements of relevant national industry laws and regulations, and combined with the actual needs of this engineering project, the design and construction project contents are as follows: front-end equipment layout; transmission system; main control system.

Through the establishment of the above three projects, a modern security technology prevention system project has been formed. This project uses modern scientific and technological means, under scientific management, to achieve strict defense, constant preparedness, impeccable, strong vigilance, and play an all-weather prevention role. To this end, the specific requirements of these four projects are explained as follows:

2.1 On-site conditions and overall layout of the wireless system

In the key fire-risk forest areas of national nature reserves, we will comprehensively improve and strengthen the construction of forest fire prevention infrastructure and equipment, implement forest fire monitoring and ground inspections in key fire-risk areas, realize real-time monitoring and early warning of forest fires, establish a complete front-end information collection system, fire analysis automatic identification and alarm system, monitoring center and fire prevention business intelligent monitoring platform, and realize video monitoring and intelligent analysis and alarm functions. Through project construction, we will ensure that nature reserves can detect fires and issue early warnings in a timely manner, organize fire fighting in a timely manner, and effectively protect forest resources, thereby ensuring the safety of life and property of people in and around the area and maintaining the ecological environment of the forest area.

The project uses advanced video surveillance technology, data processing technology, etc. to effectively protect the forest resources in the nature reserve, extinguish fires early, extinguish small fires, and extinguish fires immediately, reduce the workload of forest rangers, improve work efficiency, and provide technical support for fire fighting commanders.

This project mainly targets the above-mentioned situations where it is inconvenient to lay cables. Several important monitoring fire prevention points are selected in the nature reserve, and 3G/4G front-end monitoring equipment is installed to monitor and manage the front-end fire and alarm conditions in a timely manner. A video monitoring system based on 3G broadband network is used to prevent in advance in the target area, effectively supervise, improve management efficiency, and track afterwards. The monitoring center can control the ball camera and pan/tilt head.

The camera is connected to the 4-way vehicle-mounted 3G transmission device with a data cable, and the video signal is sent out through the 3G wireless network. The computer in the monitoring center can view each monitoring point and the vehicle operation status through the local area network, and can also connect to the hard disk recorder for recording. The camera monitoring direction can be operated by the computer mouse.

Both monitoring equipment and 3G wireless network video transmission equipment require power supply (220V)

2.2 Functions of the Central Monitoring Room

The main control room is the signal control and information exchange center of the entire system, and has the most comprehensive system functions, which can be briefly described as follows. For a more detailed function introduction, please refer to the selection of digital hard disk video host in “Equipment Selection”.

2.3 Other network sub-control terminal functions

Other network sub-control terminal equipment mainly refers to sub-control computers installed at the location of unit leaders or system management personnel. As a network sub-control terminal, three conditions must be met to realize the sub-control management function. Including: the sub-control computer of the sub-control terminal must be connected to the central digital main control device; the dedicated sub-control software must be installed and run on the sub-control computer; and the highest administrator’s authority and password must be enjoyed.

2.3.1 Equipment selection

In order to ensure the advancement, reliability and practicality of the system engineering, the equipment and devices required for the system should be selected according to the overall planning requirements of the design task book. After careful on-site investigation and in-depth understanding of the system engineering, well-known brands and high-quality products that meet national standards, have passed national quality certification, and have a reasonable performance-price ratio should be selected to ensure that the equipment has excellent performance, reliable quality, and reasonable price.

3.1 Solution Introduction

The solution mainly introduces the wireless monitoring function of the protected area through 3G/4G network video transmission equipment.

3.2 Applicable objects

Wireless monitoring of wild nature reserves

3.3 Functional Overview

No matter it is the original G network phone, C network phone, or the latest 5G phone, as long as your phone supports multimedia networks, you can watch mobile videos. You can switch video recordings, capture videos, control the pan/tilt, control focus, etc. through your mobile phone.

The server has motion detection alarm and video loss alarm functions, realizes alarm linkage recording, has a 10-20 second pre-alarm pre-recording function, can be linked with the intelligent analysis module to realize intelligent video analysis alarm (perimeter intrusion/suspicious object detection/object loss detection/people counting, etc.), can be connected to external alarm input and output devices, and provides RS485 interface.

Supporting two-way voice transmission, users can hear the real-time sound of the scene through the computer, and can also transmit the sound to the scene through the computer microphone.

The video system management platform supporting the global visual information platform allows users to monitor and manage tens of thousands of online devices at the same time, and can remotely control, set, add, and delete devices, manage multi-user permissions, etc. Users can log in to the website platform anytime and anywhere to operate, which fully meets the requirements of an operational-level platform.

3.4 Solution Advantages

(1) Optional support for GPRS/CDMA/EDGE/3G mode mobile browsing.

(2) Dual stream output, one for high-definition video signal for local video storage; one for wireless network transmission for remote PC viewing and mobile phone video viewing.

(3) It has alarm input, motion detection alarm, video alarm, alarm linkage output, and provides RS232 network transparent channel interface.

It is a comprehensive and multifunctional vehicle-mounted monitoring equipment integrating two-way voice intercom, vehicle-mounted hard disk recording, GPS positioning, and vehicle-mounted media playback. The video image is clearer, and the 8-32V wide power supply design can meet the direct power supply of any vehicle, making it more convenient to use; GPS real-time positioning, single card four channels, 4-way CIF real-time transmission, two-way voice intercom, alarm input and output, transparent serial port, vehicle-mounted shock absorption, SATA hard disk interface, up to four-way D1 recording, built-in GPS module 6. Built-in WEB preview function, which can be accessed by IE.

(4) Support two-way duplex voice intercom and one-way voice broadcast.

(5) Supports pan/tilt and electric lens control, and supports multiple decoding protocols.

(6) Supports the transmission of video, audio, alarm, voice data, and serial port data through TCP/IP and UDP/IP networks; supports various 3G networks.

3.5 Topology