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Ad hoc networking technology has emerged since the end of the 20th century, and after years of development, it has become an important part of the modern communications field. In ad hoc networks, 
Mesh ad hoc networks , MANET ad hoc networks, and mesh networks are several important concepts, each with unique characteristics and applications. This article will explore the definition, history, development, and differences between Mesh ad hoc networks, MANET ad hoc networks, and mesh networks, and will also introduce the advantages and changes of multi-hop ad hoc networks and Mesh ad hoc networks.

Mesh self-organizing network, also known as mesh network, is a network composed of multiple interconnected nodes, each of which can communicate directly with other nodes to form a multi-hop communication network. This network is characterized by being decentralized, self-organizing, strong in robustness, independent of central control, and suitable for various communication environments.

The history of Mesh ad hoc networks can be traced back to the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the US military began to study decentralized communication systems to improve the robustness of communications. With the development of computing and communication technologies, the application scope of Mesh ad hoc networks has gradually expanded, including wireless sensor networks, urban coverage networks, emergency communication systems, etc.

MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a self-organizing network that does not require infrastructure support, in which mobile devices can communicate directly to form a multi-hop communication network. This network is usually used for temporary communication between mobile devices, such as military applications, emergency rescue, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc.

The characteristics of MANET include:

1. Decentralization: There is no fixed infrastructure, and nodes communicate with each other on a peer-to-peer basis.

2. Mobility: Nodes can move at any time, and the network topology changes accordingly.

3. Self-organization: Nodes can automatically join or leave the network without manual configuration.

4. Robustness: Since there is no central control, MANET networks are usually robust and have a certain tolerance to the failure of a single node.

Mesh Network is a distributed network topology in which nodes can communicate directly with each other to form a multi-hop communication network. Mesh Network is not only suitable for wireless communication, but also for wired communication, such as Ethernet.

Features of mesh networks include:

1. Multi-hop communication: Nodes can communicate through multi-hop paths.

2. Self-organization: Nodes can automatically join or leave the network without central control.

3. Robustness: Mesh networks are usually robust and can continue to work in the event of node failures or network interruptions.

4. Versatility: Mesh networks can be used for a variety of applications, including Internet access, urban coverage, emergency communications, etc.

5. Differences and connections: Mesh ad hoc network, MANET ad hoc network and mesh network

Although Mesh, MANET and mesh networks all have the characteristics of multi-hop communication, there are some important differences between them:

– Mesh is a broader concept that includes various multi-hop communication networks that can be wired or wireless, while MANET focuses more on wireless self-organizing networks between mobile devices.

– Mesh network is a general term that can be used to describe various self-organizing multi-hop communication networks, including Mesh ad hoc networks and MANET ad hoc networks.

– Mesh ad hoc networks usually cover a variety of applications such as urban coverage networks and wireless sensor networks, while MANET ad hoc networks are more commonly used in specific fields such as military and vehicle-to-vehicle communications.

Multi-hop ad hoc networks can be divided into many types according to different standards and application fields, including:

– Wireless Sensor Network (WSN): used to monitor and collect environmental data such as temperature, humidity, gas concentration, etc.

– Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN): provides wireless Internet access, such as Wi-Fi networks.

– City coverage network: Provides comprehensive communication coverage within the city, supporting wireless Internet access and city monitoring.

– Military Ad Hoc Networks: used in military applications to support communications between mobile forces.

– Vehicle Ad Hoc Network (VANET): used for inter-vehicle communication to improve traffic management and safety.

As technology continues to develop, Mesh ad hoc networks have undergone many changes and improvements, making them more powerful and flexible in different application areas:

– Wider coverage: Mesh networks can be expanded to larger areas, including urban, rural, and remote areas.

– Higher data transmission speed: New communication technologies and protocols improve the data transmission speed of Mesh ad hoc networks, supporting multimedia data transmission and real-time video surveillance.

– Stronger security: Mesh ad hoc networks introduce more security measures, including data encryption, authentication, and access control, to protect the confidentiality and integrity of communication content.

– Smarter management and scheduling: More intelligent and automated technologies have been introduced to simplify system management and allocation of communication resources.

– Wider application areas: The application areas of Mesh ad hoc networks are constantly expanding, including urban coverage networks, smart cities, emergency communication systems, etc.

Mesh, MANET and mesh networks are key components of modern ad hoc networking technology, each with unique characteristics and application areas. Mesh is a broad concept that includes a variety of multi-hop communication networks, while MANET focuses more on communication between mobile devices. Mesh is a general term used to describe various self-organizing multi-hop communication networks. By understanding their definitions, history, characteristics and differences, we can better understand how these technologies affect our daily lives and applications in different fields. As an important type of mesh network, it continues to develop and improve, providing more powerful and flexible solutions for modern communications.